Evidence comparison
How they actually compare on the evidence — trial volume, literature, mechanism, and our honest confidence grade. Higher counts reflect research attention, not proof of superiority.
Eastern · Practitioner Supply
小檗碱 · 黄连素
Extensive human-trial evidence
Key active: Berberine (isoquinoline alkaloid)
Human RCTs (metabolic syndrome, NAFLD); mechanistic longevity rationale
Berberine activates AMPK — the same energy-sensing pathway as metformin — and is studied for SIRT1 activation and autophagy, with human RCTs on glucose, lipids and metabolic syndrome.
Full Berberine evidence →Western · Biguanide · prescription
二甲双胍
Extensive human-trial evidence
Key active: Metformin (biguanide)
Large clinical use; longevity endpoint trial (TAME) pending
Metformin activates AMPK and dampens hepatic glucose output; observational data hint at lower age-related disease in diabetics, and the landmark TAME trial is designed to test whether it slows aging endpoints in non-diabetics.
Full Metformin evidence →Need this for a decision?
We build evidence-graded comparisons for formulators, brands, clinics, and investors.
Informational only — not medical advice or a recommendation to take either. Trial and literature counts are registry/database matches and include endpoints beyond longevity. See each ingredient page for sources.